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John Clements Wickham
John Clements Wickham (21 November 17986 January 1864) was a Scottish explorer, naval officer, magistrate and administrator. He was first officer on during its second survey mission, 1831–1836, under captain Robert FitzRoy. The young naturalist and geologist Charles Darwin was a supernumerary on the ship, and his journal was published as ''The Voyage of the Beagle''. After that expedition, Wickham was promoted to Commander and made captain of the ''Beagle'' on its third voyage, from 1837 and conducted various maritime expeditions and hydrographic surveys along the Australian coastline.〔
In 1843, after his retirement from the Royal Navy, Wickham was made Police Magistrate and, later, Government Resident of the Moreton Bay District, in the Colony of New South Wales (NSW). Wickham retired in 1859, when the Moreton Bay District was separated from NSW, forming basis of the Colony of Queensland. When the Queensland and NSW governments disagreed over which was responsible for his pension, Wickham moved to France, where he died.〔
==The Wickham family==
The origins of the Wickham family were Rowley, a Yorkshire village which later became depopulated.〔C.G. Drury Clarke, "Captain John Clements Wickham, R.N. his antecedents and descendants" (1984) ''Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland'', Vol. 12 no. 1, pp 1–25 .〕 In 1638, two brothers, Richard and Thomas Wickham, were among the families to emigrate to America〔 with Rev. Ezekiel Rogers after he was suspended as Rector of the parish church in 1638 for his non-conformist beliefs.〔Rev. Philip Graystone. "Elizabeth Jackson of Rowley" (1993, Lampada Press, Hull) ISBN 1 873811 02 0.〕 Thomas married Sarah and their fifth son, Samuel Wickham, was born in 1664; he later settled in Rhode Island and became a Freeman of that Colony and a Deputy.〔 Samuel Wickham married Barbara Holken in 1691 and their fifth son, Benjamin Wickham, was born 17 November 1701 at Rhode Island. Benjamin was chosen by the Rhode Island colonial Assembly in 1756 to be Lieutenant-Colonel of a Regiment raised for the second expedition against Crown Point. In 1757, a deputy for Newport he became Speaker of the House of Deputies.〔 Benjamin married Mary, daughter of Colonel John Gardner in 1743 and Samuel Wickham, their sixth and youngest son, was born at Newport, Rhode Island in 1758. This Samuel rose to the rank of Lieutenant in the Royal Navy; while he was attached to the Portuguese Navy as an instructor he was given the rank of Captain-Lieutenant. He fought on the British side in the War of Independence after which he left America and settled in Scotland. On 16 June 1795 he married Ellen Susan Naylor at Gibraltar.〔 John Clements Wickham was born to them on 21 November 1798 at Leith in Scotland.〔C. G. Austin, "Newstead House and Capt. Wickham, R.N.", (1947) ''Journal of the Historical Society of Queensland'', Vol. 3 no. 6, pp 459–465, .〕
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